Design and construction of household ventilated improved pit. Latrine design and construction 5 sample latrine design and construction schedule session day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 9. There are a number of designs to suit different situations but they all work in much the. There is strong evidence that access to improved sanitation can reduce diar. Dec 25, 2012 the gradual rise in the acquisition of improved ventilated latrines can be attributed to the time villagers needed to adjust to the new demands and initiate change in earnest.
It didnt work first time around because my firewall blocked the download. The documents may therefore not be redistributed commercially without the permission of the original publishers. Rural health institution latrines a manual for field staff and practitioners april 2009. Pit latrine operational management and sludge accumulation rate, presents a challenging sanitation problem in lowincome urban settlements.
Single ventilated improved pit vip sswm find tools for. The main drivers for design were to eliminate two unpleasant aspects of using onsite sanitation systems, flies and smell. The three main components of any latrine are a superstructure, a pit and a covering platform, as you can see in this diagram of the vip latrine popular in many of the communities we work with. How the vip latrine works the vip latrine is a simple holeintheground latrine pit with a chimney added. Vip latrines are an improvement to overcome the disadvantages of simple pit latrines, e. Traditional unventilated pit latrines are a very common. Research by the world bankl has shown that ventilated improved pit vip latrines can provide most of the health and convenience benefits of conventional waterborne sewerage but at a fraction of its costs.
Empty using a latrine by hand mechanical means tanker backfill the top of the dig out the contents of the use a simple device e. Vip refers to the ventilated improved pit toilet system design, which incorporates features to enhance sanitation and health aspects of pit toilets. Ventilated improved pit latrines, research report series, department of civil engineering, university of leeds, england forthcoming. There are a number of factors which influence the correct functioning of a pit latrine, e. Ventilated improved pit latrines vips ventilation pipe fitted to draw odors way with air currents across the top of the pipe fresh air is sucked into the pit through the squat hole in slab covering pit relatively dark inside due to presence of the roof but this is essential for proper functioning. Pit toilets latrines global water pathogen project. There are various designs of vip latrines figures but they all differ from. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine is an adaptation of the ageless pit latrine that can reduce the foul odor and amount of bugs.
Information on improved latrine options 11 part 3 what do we mean by latrine. Ventilated improved pit latrines general description 3. Furthermore, the reduction of flies can also reduce the transmission of disease. The rate of ventilation through the vent pipe of a ventilated improved pit latrine is the main technical factor that determines its efficiency in odour control aside the maintenance and cleaning practices of the users. Improved sanitation facilities connection to a public sewer connection to a septic system pourflush latrine simple pit latrine ventilated improved pit latrine unimproved sanitation facilities public or shared latrine open pit latrine bucket latrine bottled water is not considered improved due to limitations in the potential. Moreover, there is the issue of mobilising resources for erecting an improved ventilated latrine, hence the gradual onset of improved latrine ownership in the community. Ventilated improved pit latrine practical action technical. Also available casa house plans casita plans special thanks to hector rubio for his service and help in creating these plans.
The introduction of a ventilation pipe in the pit toilet, as shown in figure 3, is a variation of the pit toilet concept. Even though the factors affecting the ventilation rate have been well researched, they have not been previously related in a mathematical model to quantify the relative effect. The ventilated improved pit latrine vip is a pit latrine with a black pipe vent pipe fitted to the pit and a screen flyscreen at the top outlet of the pipe. Improved pit latrines are the most basic and inexpensive form of improved sanitation. Pdf design and construction of household ventilated. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine sue. Optimising ventilation to control odour in the ventilated. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine dark interior so flies are not attracted out of the pit sludge door facing prevailing wind minimum 3m deep, 1m diameter fly screen fitted tightly to the vent to catch flies escaping from inside the pit pit lining if soil is weak only light source in pit so flies fly up the pipe air flow superstructure. See fact sheet a8 ventilated improved pit latrines g service life. Is long and more often than not 15 to 20 years, and sometimes up to 25 to 30 years.
Excreta, along with anal cleansing materials water or solids are deposited into a pit. Preparation of standard engineering drawings, specifications and guidelines for ventilated improved pit latrines in south africa. The ventilated improved pit latrine is an improvement on standard pit latrines that eliminates flies and odour. It is an improvement over the single pit because continuous airflow through the ventilation pipe vents odours and acts as a trap for flies as they escape towards the light. Use a motorized tanker with latrine with soil, and build latrine using a spade and mapet with a manpowered a vacuum pump. This type of latrine is called a ventilated improved pit vip latrine. This guide describes how they work and presents various designs and design. Kumasi ventilated improved pit latrine asked in waste and recycling what expedient latrine is the best method for disposal of human. Ventilated improved pit vip latrines loughborough university. Pit latrine treatments, blair toilets and vip, ventilated. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine has the potential to address the challenge of access to improved sanitation in builtup lowincome settings.
Nov 30, 2012 the preferred sanitation technology in swaziland is the ventilated improved pit latrine vip. Nov 18, 2019 this study assessed how users of ventilated improved pit vip latrines in cape coast, ghana, perceive the level of odor in their latrines and identified the factors associated with perception of bad odor. A ventilated improved pit latrine vip is similar to a single pit latrine with addition of a vertical vent pipe. Oct 11, 2018 the rate of ventilation through the vent pipe of a ventilated improved pit latrine is the main technical factor that determines its efficiency in odour control aside the maintenance and cleaning practices of the users.
The blair is popular because it doubles as a washroom and. The vip latrine was developed to overcome the problems of odour and fly breeding commonly found in unvented pit latrines. These features are promoted naturally by wind, sunlight and natural decomposition processes. However, the most effective system to prevent odours is the socalled vip ventilated improved pit latrine. The work in botswana was funded by the united kingdom science and engineering research council, and that in zimbabwe by tag.
A ventilated improved pit vip latrine builders manual. This study was conducted to identify the gaps that exist between ventilated improved pit vip latrine construction practices in cape coast, ghana, and conventional technical guidelines, and to assess how any noncompliance with technical guidelines influences the users perception of odour and fly nuisances. Only a portion of poorly defined categories of latrines. Design and construction of household ventilated improved. Improved sanitation includes waterbased toilets that flush into sewers, septic systems, or pit latrines. A straight vertical ventilation pipe is present in a ventilated improved pit vip toilet reed, 2014a that extends 0. There are many other latrines designs available, but this chapter will focus on the vip latrine. The air inlet will be more effective if it is facing the prevailing wind. Ventilated improved pit latrine simon farmer practical.
A total of 211 users of 127 vip latrines were purposively sampled from selected communities within the city. This report emanates from the water research commission project number k5709 entitled preparation of standard engineering drawings, specifications and guidelines for ventilated improved pit latrines in. Home resources water and sanitation sanitation a practical guide for building a simple pit latrine. Sludge can be disposed into water, if it is left untouched for about 2 years. Pdf redesigning the ventilated improved pit latrine for use. Through the aeration in vips, odour and fly nuisances are reduced. Shared sanitation versus individual household latrines. The ventilated improved pit latrine was the commonest technology used by 47 % of households with private latrines. Single ventilated improved pit vip sswm find tools.
The residents ranked safety and privacy as the most important factors that. Ventilated improved pit vip latrines the addition of a vent pipe to a simple pit latrine is one way of reducing the nuisance of flies in the cubicle if the cubicle is kept clean and dark. The number of flies can be reduced by using a ventilated improved pit latrine. A ventilated improved pit vip latrine builders manual irc. However, these challenges have been underresearched. Latrine design and construction lifewater international. The vip latrine is an improvement over the simple dry pit latrine. This includes a private flush or pourflush toilet or latrine connected to a piped sewer system or septic system, a simple pit latrine with a slab, a ventilated improved pit latrine or a composing toilet. The rate of ventilation through the vent pipe of a ventilated improved pit latrine is the main technical factor that determines its efficiency in odour control aside the maintenance and cleaning. Its objectives were to determine pit latrine management activities and. Wall slab ventilation roof frame soap water tank pit any type of improved latrine that breaks the contact between feces and the environment will be of bene. Definitions of indicators a world health organization. Factors associated with perception of bad odor by users of. How do you design a ventilated improved pitlatrine answers.
A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine download 5. The of the documents on this site remains with the original publishers. Pits of pit latrines shall be ventilated with a ventilation pipe of nominal diameter at least 110. Ventilated improved pit latrine unimproved sanitation facilities public or shared latrine open pit latrine bucket latrine bottled water is not considered improved due to limitations in the potential quantity, not quality, of the water. The ventilated improved pit latrine is an improvement on standard pit latrines that. Further details of countryspecific deslgns currently for botswana, tanzania and zimbabwe are given in other technical notes in this series. Redesigning the ventilated improved pit latrine for use in. Factors affecting the utilisation of improved ventilated. It seeks to clarify the current state of ventilated improved pit latrine design, which often includes a bewildering set of design options such as single or twin pits, emptiable or nonemptiable, lined or unlined and raised above ground level or unraised. Pit latrines and their impacts on groundwater quality. Pdf scientific support for the design and operation of. They typically consist of a pit circular, rectangular, or squaredug crete slab or floor with a hole through which.
Ventilated improved pit vip toilet systems installed in south africa are constructed according to a wide variety of designs and with many different types of materials, with a corresponding. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine is now widely recognized as one of the most important, affordable and appropriate onsite sanitaion technologies for use in both urban and rural areas of developing countr es. Dear practical action, thank you for allowing me to download the vip latrine pdf. Ventilated improved pit bvip toilet in a single building operation. Pdf on mar 14, 2018, babatunde femi bakare and others published scientific support for the design and operation of ventilated improved pit latrines and the efficacy of pit latrine additives. The addition of a vent pipe to a simple pit latrine is one way of reducing the nuisance of flies in the cubicle if the cubicle is kept clean and dark. Introduction dear builder, the purpose of this manual is to explain how a ventilated improved pit v. The gradual rise in the acquisition of improved ventilated latrines can be attributed to the time villagers needed to adjust to the new demands and initiate change in earnest. However, its conventional technical design fails to address the needs and preferences of some users. The preferred sanitation technology in swaziland is the ventilated improved pit latrine vip. Lining the pit prevents it from collapsing and provides support to the. If the latrine is well designed then there should be less concern for disease as the latrine will be easy to clean, cleanable floor and surfaces, as well as including a sanitary plate sanplat or pourflush system.
The ventilated improved pit latrine or vip latrine differs from a standard improved latrine due to the addition of a vent pipe figure 5. Traditional pit latrines undptag united nation development program technical advisory group unicef united nation childrens fund usa united states of america vip ventilated improved latrine watsan water and sanitation wes water and. Pit latrine treatment bioeffector the cure for clogged septic tanks and overloaded pit toilets, blair toilets and vip, ventilated improved pit toilet a biological activator remedy for a biological problem. Ventilated improved pit vip latrines moi ot 3 introduction the addition of a vent pipe to a simple pit latrine is one way of reducing the nuisance of flies in the cubicle if the cubicle is kept clean and dark. Hundreds of thousands of these units have been built throughout zimbabwe, and most have been built with the generous support of donor organisations. As a builder, there is no doubt that you may be familiar with most building procedures. It comprises a stable foundation and flooring, a dark and sealed pit, and a ventilated pipe extending at least half a meter above the roof of the latrine, fitted with a fly screen. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine dark interior so flies are not attracted out of the pit sludge. This study was carried out between december 2014 and september 2015 in nakuru, kenya. Even though the factors affecting the ventilation rate have been well researched, they have not been previously related in a mathematical model to. A full pit latrine is defined as one that is filled to within onehalf metre of ground level. The options include the ventilated improved pit toilet in all its variations, composting toilets, separation toilets, dehydration type toilets, onsite. There are a number of designs to suit different situations but they all work in much the same way. Ventilated improved pit vip latrines resources susana.